How many reactions do enzymes carry out each second?.What are the time scales for diffusion in cells?.How does metabolic rate scale with size?.What is the power consumption of a cell?.What is the electric potential difference across membranes?.What is the free energy released upon combustion of sugar?.What is the energy in transfer of a phosphate group?.How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis?.What are the physical limits for detection by cells?.How much force is applied by cytoskeletal filaments?.What is the entropy cost when two molecules form a complex?.How much energy is carried by photons used in photosynthesis?.What is the energy scale associated with the hydrophobic effect?.What is the thermal energy scale and how is it relevant to biology?.How many rhodopsin molecules are in a rod cell?.What are the absolute numbers of signaling proteins?.What are the copy numbers of transcription factors?.What is the macromolecular composition of the cell?.What are the concentrations of cytoskeletal molecules?.How much cell-to-cell variability exists in protein expression?.What are the most abundant proteins in a cell?.What lipids are most abundant in membranes?.What are the concentrations of free metabolites in cells?.What are the concentrations of different ions in cells?.What is the concentration of bacterial cells in a saturated culture?.What quantities of nutrients need to be supplied in growth media?.
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